Frequently Asked Questions
What is Column Chromatography?
Flash column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are all forms of chromatography used to separate and purify chemical compounds in a laboratory setting.
Unlike thin layer chromatography, which uses a piece of chromatography paper or a glass slide coated with silica gel as the stationary phase, and an appropriate solvent for the mobile phase, column chromatography consists of a glass container – the column – filled with silica gel or another medium, as the stationary phase.
In Flash, HPLC and SFC column chromatography, each method uses a specific solid phase. The mobile phase, consisting of petroleum ether or another appropriate liquid solvent or solvents, enters the column, which has been loaded with the compound to be eluted. The mobile phase carries the solution mixture through the column. The chemical compound is then separated into its various components within the column, based on the effect of the mobile phase on the compound and the affinity of the compound’s components with the stationary phase. This is also known as adsorption chromatography and is used for both analytical chromatography and preparative chromatography.
What is column versus TLC chromatography?
Column chromatography uses a glass column filled with silica gel or another stationary phase as the material for eluting the components in a compound. They are used in both gas chromatography and liquid chromatography along with an appropriate solvent (mobile phase). This process works by differential adsorption.
In TLC (thin layer chromatography), the stationary phase is a piece of chromatography paper or a glass plate coated with a thin layer of silica gel. The mobile phase is a solvent. Common solvents include water, ethanol (used in many hand sanitizers and medical wipes, antiseptics, and disinfectants), methanol (found in antifreeze), acetone (a common component in nail polish remover), dichloromethane (paint stripper), or a mixture of two or more. These solvents and other means, including supercritical carbon dioxide for SFC, are basic mobile phases of column chromatography as well.